28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1
Office in New York City, NY · 28 West 23rd Street · 10010
At a glance
28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 is a 264,950-square-foot office building at 28 West 23rd Street in New York City, New York, built in 1911. In its 2024 New York City benchmarking disclosure it reported an ENERGY STAR score of 46 out of 100 (grade D), a site energy-use intensity of 72.4 kBtu/ft² and 2,206 tCO₂e of greenhouse-gas emissions. That score is higher than 14% of the 2,519 scored office buildings in New York City.
Local Law 84 (LL84) · reporting year 2024
Benchmarking record
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ENERGY STAR score | 46 (band D) |
| Site EUI | 72.4 kBtu/ft² |
| Source EUI | 202.5 kBtu/ft² |
| GHG emissions | 2,206 tCO₂e |
| GHG intensity | 8.3 kgCO₂e/ft² |
| Electricity | 5,612,672 kWh |
| Natural gas | 337 therms |
| Gross floor area | 264,950 sq ft |
| Source record | nyc:12066223:2024 |
The disclosure history
Year over year
| Year | Score | Δ | Site EUI | GHG emissions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024latest | 46 | -31 | 72.4 kBtu/ft² | 2,206 tCO₂e |
| 2023 | 77 | +1 | 64.2 kBtu/ft² | 1,533 tCO₂e |
| 2022 | 76 | 66.1 kBtu/ft² | 1,330 tCO₂e |
Compliance context
Local Law 84 (LL84)
Under Local Law 97, buildings over 25,000 sq ft face carbon caps with fines of $268 per metric ton of CO₂e over the limit, phasing in from 2024.
Ownership
No owning organisation shown. Names of private individuals in the disclosure are not published here.
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Location
- Address
- 28 West 23rd Street
- City
- New York City
- State
- New York
- ZIP
- 10010
- Coordinates
- 40.74200, -73.99067
Within ~1 km
Nearby benchmarked buildings
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- 11 Madison Avenuescore 77
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- 51 Madisonscore 79
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- One Madison Avenuescore —
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- ConEd Irving Placescore 55
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See also: most efficient in New York City · biggest emitters
How does 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 compare with other office buildings in New York City?
The latest disclosures cover 3,384 office buildings in New York City, out of 48,310 buildings citywide. 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1's ENERGY STAR score of 46 compares with an average of 72 across the 2,519 that report a score; it scores higher than 14% of them and lower than 85%. Its site EUI of 72.4 kBtu/ft² is about 12% above the average of 64.5 kBtu/ft² — it uses more energy per square foot than the typical building in that group. Its emissions intensity of 8.3 kgCO₂e/ft² is about 44% above the group average of 5.8 kgCO₂e/ft².
At 264,950 sq ft, it is about 29% above the average floor area of 205,440 sq ft for those buildings. It was built in 1911, 29 years earlier than the group's average year built (1940). Across all 24 jurisdictions BuildingCensus covers, the 15,264 office buildings average an ENERGY STAR score of 73 and a site EUI of 59.3 kBtu/ft².
How has 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1's energy performance changed over time?
BuildingCensus holds 3 New York City disclosures for 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1, covering report years 2022–2024. Its ENERGY STAR score went from 76 in 2022 to 46 in 2024 (-30 points); its best year on file was 2023, at 77. Site EUI moved from 66.1 kBtu/ft² (2022) to 72.4 kBtu/ft² (2024), an 10% increase. Reported emissions went from 1,330 tCO₂e to 2,206 tCO₂e over the same span (up 66%).
What does an ENERGY STAR score of 46 mean?
ENERGY STAR scores run from 1 to 100 and are computed by the EPA's Portfolio Manager as a percentile against similar buildings nationwide, adjusted for climate, size and use: a score of 46 means the building performs better than about 46% of its national peers. BuildingCensus bands the score into report-card grades; 46 falls in band D — lowest band (1–54). It sits 29 points below 75, the threshold for ENERGY STAR certification. In New York City, 43% of scored buildings are at 75 or above.
Site energy-use intensity (EUI) is the energy a building uses on site in a year divided by its floor area, in thousand Btu per square foot — lower is more efficient. 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1's 72.4 kBtu/ft² across 264,950 sq ft works out to about 19.2 billion Btu (5,622 MWh-equivalent) in 2024. Its source EUI of 202.5 kBtu/ft² also counts the energy lost generating and delivering that power, which is why it is higher. The disclosure also reports 5,612,672 kWh of electricity and 337 therms of natural gas for the year.
Which law requires 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 to report its energy use?
28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 reports under Local Law 84 (LL84), the legal basis of New York City's Energy and Water Data Disclosure program, which publishes each covered building's annual benchmarking results. The record shown here is the report-year 2024 disclosure (source record nyc:12066223:2024). Under Local Law 97, buildings over 25,000 sq ft face carbon caps with fines of $268 per metric ton of CO₂e over the limit, phasing in from 2024.
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- Office buildings in New York City· 3,384 benchmarked
- All New York City benchmarked buildings· Local Law 84 (LL84)
- Most efficient large buildings in New York City
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- Biggest emitters in New York City
Frequently asked questions
What is 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1's energy grade?
28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 scores 46 out of 100 on ENERGY STAR — band D, lowest band (1–54) — in its 2024 New York City disclosure. Scores are national percentiles against similar buildings; 75+ qualifies for ENERGY STAR certification.
How much energy does 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 use?
Its 2024 site energy-use intensity was 72.4 kBtu/ft² (202.5 kBtu/ft² source) across 264,950 sq ft, including 5,612,672 kWh of electricity and 337 therms of natural gas.
What are 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1's carbon emissions?
28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 reported 2,206 tCO₂e of greenhouse-gas emissions (8.3 kgCO₂e/ft²) for 2024.
Where is 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1?
28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 is at 28 West 23rd Street, in New York City, New York 10010. Its coordinates are 40.74200, -73.99067 (latitude, longitude), as published in the Energy and Water Data Disclosure file.
How big is 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 and when was it built?
28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 has 264,950 sq ft of gross floor area, as reported in its 2024 disclosure. The disclosure lists 1911 as its year built. It is classed as office.
Is 28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1 covered by Local Law 84 (LL84)?
Yes — it appears in the 2024 Energy and Water Data Disclosure disclosure, which lists the buildings reporting under Local Law 84 (LL84).
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About this data
Source: Energy and Water Data Disclosure (Local Law 84 (LL84)), as published October 2, 2026. See the methodology for how records are matched, cleaned and scored.
Cite as: BuildingCensus, “28-40 West 23rd Street - Building 1, New York City, New York — 2024 benchmarking disclosure”, https://buildingcensus.com/buildings/new-york-city/28-40-west-23rd-street-building-1-c386c91e (data as of October 2, 2026).